Explanation

  • An informal way to ask someone to repeat what they just said because you didn't hear or understand it.
  • Can also express disbelief or surprise at what was said.

Origin

  • Likely a shortening of a phrase like Could you come back to that point again? or simply Come [say it] again.
  • Its usage dates back quite a while, appearing in literature as a colloquialism.

Alternatives

Slang/Informal:

  • Say what now?
  • Huh? / Wut? (Online slang)
  • Back up, what did you say?

More Formal:

  • Could you repeat that, please?
  • I'm sorry, I missed that.

Expressing Strong Disbelief:

  • Are you serious?
  • You cannot be serious!
  • No fucking way! (Vulgar)

Situational Appropriateness

  • Informal.
  • Best used with friends, family, or in casual settings.
  • Avoid in formal situations (meetings, presentations, speaking to superiors) where Could you repeat that? is preferred.
  • Can sound abrupt or even challenging depending on tone and context.

Misunderstanding Warnings

  • Could be misunderstood literally as visit again by non-native speakers unfamiliar with the idiom, although context usually makes the meaning clear.
  • Tone is important; it can sound demanding if not delivered casually.

Examples

  • Person A: (Mumbles something) Person B: Come again?
  • Person A: I'm quitting my job to become a street performer. Person B: Come again? You're doing what? (Expressing surprise)
  • Sorry, the connection's bad. Come again?

Dialogue

Leo: Hey, did you see that squirrel just steal Dave's sandwich?

Mia: Come again?

Leo: That squirrel! It just ran off with Dave's lunch!

Mia: No way! (Looks around) That's hilarious!

Social Media Examples

  • (Replying to a surprising tweet): User B: Come again? Did you really just say that?
  • (In a casual chat): Person 1: gonna dye my hair green Person 2: come again??

Response Patterns

  • The speaker repeats their statement.
  • If used to express surprise, the speaker might confirm: Yes, you heard me right. or elaborate.
  • Sometimes met with slight annoyance if the asker seemed not to be paying attention.

Common Follow-up Questions/Actions

After asking Come again?:

  • The asker listens for the repetition or confirmation.

After hearing the repetition/confirmation:

  • The asker might say Okay, thanks, or react to the content (Wow, really?).

Conversation Starter

  • No.
  • It's a response asking for repetition or expressing surprise.

Intonation

  • Usually has a sharp rising intonation at the end: Come aGAIN?
  • When expressing disbelief, the tone might be more incredulous or sharper.
  • Stress is firmly on again.

Generation Differences

  • Understood by most generations but might sound slightly dated or more common among older generations in some circles. Younger people might prefer What? or Say what?.

Regional Variations

  • More common in American English than British English, though understood in both.
Could you repeat that?